One of the symptoms that an animal is rabid is copious amounts of foamy drool coming from its mouth.  this is because rabies paralyzes the muscles that are responsible for swallowing, so any saliva that is produced by the animal cannot be swallowed, therefore it basically just collects in the mouth with nowhere to go.  If the rabid animal tosses its head, if some of the foamy spit should fly from its mouth and land on you, if, for example, it hits you in the eye, the virus can enter your body through the mucous membranes around your eye.
ACIP votes to reduce doses of rabies vaccine from 5 to 4.(INFECTIOUS DISEASES): An article from: Pediatric News
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Miriam E. Tucker  If anything like this were ever to happen, the safest thing to do would be to report to the local hospital, tell them what happened, and begin the series of prophylactic shots to prevent the virus from taking hold in your body.

Your chances of getting rabies from someone's pet are extremely small, your chances of running into a wild animal with rabies are much greater.  Some things to watch out for are wild animals that seem to be uncharacteristically tame.  By the same token, pet animals who suddenly act afraid of humans or who suddenly act uncharacteristically shy or scared should be suspect.  Noctournal animals (raccoons, bats, possums, etc.) who are out wandering around during the daylight hours should be avoided at all costs.
Rabvac 3 Vaccine - 10 Dose Vial
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  If you ever happen to see a noctournal animal wandering around during daylight hours, call your local animal control immediately so that they can intervene.  Animals that suddenly begin to eat non-food items should be suspect.  Animals that exhibit signs of any type of paralysis should be suspect (unless, of course, you know the animal and it has had an injury that has left it partially paralyzed).

If a human comes into contact with the rabies virus, injection of rabies immune globulin and an injection of rabies vaccine is recommended within 48 hours of exposure.  According to the protocol set forth by the CDC in 2010, they recommend follow-up rabies vaccines on the third, seventh and fourteenth day following exposure.  This protocol is for people who have never received a rabies vaccination.  In people who HAVE received a rabies vaccination prior to exposure (ie, veterinarians, veterinary students) only two follow-up vaccinations are necessary.  In adults and older children, the vaccines are given in the deltoid region.  In young children the vaccine is given in the outer thigh.  The vaccine is never recommended to be given in the gluteal region.

I hope this information is helpful to you.  :)